Tuesday, February 8, 2011

Last.fm ends free mobile service

Users of online music site Last.fm will have to pay for its mobile phone service starting from next week.

Until now, the site has provided its personalised radio for free for mobiles, making money by placing adverts between songs instead.

However, it now says this is "not practical" and is instead asking users to pay for an ad-free service.

Listening via the web will remain free but charging is a "rational" move, the site's Matthew Hawn told BBC News.

"We think that the best experience is ad-free," said Mr Hawn, Last.fm's head of product.

"It's not that we're losing buckets of money on our service... but we're trying to make rational decisions about our business model."

From next Tuesday the new mobile service will cost �3 a month, a price which will allow users to listen to personalised radio stations - but not to pick out individual songs.

The move puts the site directly into competition with rivals such as Spotify, which charges �10 a month for ad-free, on-demand access across the web and mobile phones.

Users who listen on the Last.fm website will not have to pay for any services, and Microsoft has agreed to subsidise the costs so that users who listen using their Xbox or Windows Phone 7 handset will still be able to do so for free.

User complaints

The announcement was met with some concern from users, who complained on the company's blog that they that they felt it was not a positive development.

"May as well just get Spotify to listen to music on mobile then," said one user.

"Makes sense," admitted another, "But I'd rather have adverts and keep it free".

It is the latest in a series of moves to scale back services by Last.fm, which is based in London but was bought by American media conglomerate CBS in 2007.

Last year the site scaled back on-demand streaming for many users around the world, and turned off some specific radio station features shortly before Christmas.

However Mr Hawn said that the introduction of mobile subscription marks the end of major changes in the way the service works.

"Start Quote

I feel very positive about the rest of our services and I would never consider turning those off."

End Quote Matthew Hawn Head of Product, Last.fm

"It's the last thing we're going to do," he said. "I feel very positive about the rest of our services and I would never consider turning those off."

Instead, he said, the company plans to launch a new mobile application next week to address concerns that some users have had over quality of service.

The music site was seen as a major British success story during the so-called "Web 2.0" boom, building a large user base before being sold in May 2007 for $280m - �140m at the time.

Since the takeover, however, progress seems to have slowed down. The site's founders have all left the company and the true costs of music licensing mean the site has yet to make a profit.

James Cridland, managing director of the Media UK website and a radio futurologist, said financial concerns were spreading across the online industry - despite the fact that there was a clear public appetite for online radio.

"There is a real market there," he said. "According to figures from Rajar [the radio industry measurement group] there are 2.6 million people a week [in the UK] who use personalised radio services like Last.fm or Spotify."

"But over the last six months we've seen a lot of people start charging for all kinds of things. Maybe this is another part of the commercialisation of the web."



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Monday, February 7, 2011

Anonymous hack hits security firm

Online activist group Anonymous has targeted an American security firm that claimed to know the identities of its leaders.

The secretive organisation is being investigated in several countries over strikes on Visa, PayPal and others.

Over the weekend Aaron Barr, head of HBGary Federal, said he had discovered the names of its most senior figures.

The group retaliated overnight by breaking into the company's website and hijacking his Twitter account.

Anonymous, known for being a loosely-knit group, has been involved in a number of high profile online protests and attacks in recent months.

In December, the group launched a campaign in support of Wikileaks that disrupted services at MasterCard, Visa and other companies that had withdrawn support the whistle-blowing website.

The strike led to police investigations around the world, and a number of arrests in Britain and the Netherlands.

Although the individuals who make up the collective claim they do not have a traditional hierarchy, Mr Barr told the Financial Times that he had infiltrated the organisation and uncovered the names and addresses of several senior figures.

He said he did not intend to hand the information over to the authorities unless forced to, but did plan to present his findings at a conference in San Francisco later this month.

The attacks began shortly after his claims were made public, with a sustained attack that targeted him both personally and professionally.

Mr Barr's Twitter account was filled with a sequence of racial and sexual slurs, along with a string of personal details such as his mobile phone and social security numbers.

Meanwhile, a message on the company's website said that Anonymous had "seized" HBGary's operation in order to defend itself.

"Start Quote

"You brought this upon yourself. Let us teach you a lesson you'll never forget"

End Quote Anonymous statement

"You brought this upon yourself," the statement said.

"Let us teach you a lesson you'll never forget: don't mess with Anonymous."

The group said it had gained control of all the company's e-mail, erased its files, taken down their phone systems and placed copies of many internal documents online.

Mr Barr could not be contacted for comment, but the hacked site was later replaced with a placeholder page.

Anonymous, which started as an offshoot of the notorious 4Chan internet messageboard, has been linked to a number of virtual and real-world protests over recent years.

As well as the Wikileaks attacks, it also orchestrated strikes on government services in Tunisia and Egypt in support of popular protests in those countries.

It has also launched vociferous protests for the right to uncensored access to pornography online and taken action against an anti-piracy firm hired by Bollywood studios.

It is involved in a long-running battle with the Church of Scientology, amid claims that the religious group stifles dissent.

The loosely-organised group has previously claimed it has no real leadership, although some individuals have come forward from time to time to explain their motives.

One, known as Coldblood, told the BBC in December that "thousands" of people had joined the protests to support Wikileaks' right to publish the US government's classified diplomatic cables.

"We are trying to keep the internet open and free but in recent years governments have been trying to limit the freedom we have on the internet," he said at the time.

Coldblood confirmed to the BBC that he was among five people arrested across the UK last month as part of the police investigation into the Wikileaks protests.



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AOL in $315m Huffington Post deal

US internet firm AOL has agreed to a buyout of the Huffington Post online newspaper.

The $315m (�222m) deal will create an internet media group with 270 million users, including 117 million in the US.

The purchase price - $300m of which will be in cash - will be paid to co-founders Arianna Huffington and Kenneth Lerer and a few minority shareholders.

Ms Huffington - currently editor of her namesake news service - will head the combined firm's content division.

This means she will take on responsibility for AOL sites such as Engadget and Techcrunch, as well as retaining her current role at the intellectual centre-left website she helped set up in 2005.

Advertising

"The Huffington Post will continue on the same path we have been on for the last six years - though now at light speed - by combining with AOL," said Ms Huffington in a joint statement.

AOL expects the purchase to help boost its flagging advertising revenues in a year that chief executive Tim Armstrong maintains will mark a turnaround for the company that divorced from Time Warner in 2009.

The Huffington Post is expected to contribute an additional 25 million users to the internet giant.

"The combination of AOL's infrastructure and scale with the Huffington Post's pioneering approach to news and innovative community-building among a broad and sophisticated audience will mark a seminal moment in the evolution of digital journalism and online engagement," said the two companies in their statement.

The transaction is expected to be completed in March or April and will need regulatory approval in the US.



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Tax hopes over video games report

Scotland's video games companies are hoping an influential report will back their calls for the industry to receive tax breaks.

Hi-tech firms claim tax aid would safeguard thousands of jobs and generate hundreds of millions of pounds of investment.

Scotland has a significant video games sector, in a market said to be worth �55bn worldwide.

The Scottish Affairs Committee report on the industry is due out on Monday.

Video games development is currently worth about �30m to the Scottish economy.

Jobs cut

Dundee plays a key part in the sector and is home to about 15 design companies.

But tough global competition saw the industry cut almost a fifth of its jobs in Scotland last year.

The industry was also dealt a blow last summer when the new chancellor, George Osborne, decided not to introduce tax breaks, sparking the inquiry by the Scottish Affairs Committee at Westminster.

The committee heard evidence last October and travelled to Dundee to visit the University of Abertay and two video games studios, as well as meeting industry representatives.

"Start Quote

The Scottish games industry, and the UK games industry in general, are not competing on a level playing field"

End Quote Dr Richard Wilson

Industry leaders estimate it costs about �60m to develop a new game and claim that with other countries offering tax relief it is vital the UK government does the same.

Staff 'poached'

Scottish games developers are hoping MPs will press the Treasury to reconsider tax breaks.

Dr Richard Wilson, head of The Independent Games Developers Association (TIGA), said there had to be a strategy for growth.

He told BBC Radio Scotland's Good Morning Scotland programme: "The Scottish games industry, and the UK games industry in general, are not competing on a level playing field.

"Many of our competitors, like Canada, France and the US, offer tax breaks for games production, often at substantial levels, so the effect of that is that it is driving investment away from Scotland and away from the UK to these other jurisdictions."

Mr Wilson called on Westminster to create the environment to compete in a market it is estimated could expand to be worth �80bn a year globally.

He said the Canadian games industry had grown by 33% in the past two years, compared with a 10% contraction in the UK, and claimed talented Scottish staff were being "poached" by Canadian firms.



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AOL to buy Huffington Post paper

US internet firm AOL has agreed to a buyout of the Huffington Post online newspaper.

The $315m (�222m) deal will create an internet media group with 270 million users, including 117 million in the US.

The purchase price - $300m of which will be in cash - will be paid to co-founders Arianna Huffington and Kenneth Lerer and a few minority shareholders.

Ms Huffington - currently editor of her namesake news service - will head the combined firm's content division.

This means she will take on responsibility for AOL sites such as Engadget and Techcrunch, as well as retaining her current role at the intellectual centre-left website she helped set up in 2005.

Advertising

"The Huffington Post will continue on the same path we have been on for the last six years - though now at light speed - by combining with AOL," said Ms Huffington in a joint statement.

AOL expects the purchase to help boost its flagging advertising revenues in a year that chief executive Tim Armstrong maintains will mark a turnaround for the company that divorced from Time Warner in 2009.

The Huffington Post is expected to contribute an additional 25 million users to the internet giant.

"The combination of AOL's infrastructure and scale with the Huffington Post's pioneering approach to news and innovative community-building among a broad and sophisticated audience will mark a seminal moment in the evolution of digital journalism and online engagement," said the two companies in their statement.

The transaction is expected to be completed in March or April and will need regulatory approval in the US.



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Sunday, February 6, 2011

Tax hopes over video games report

Scotland's video games companies are hoping an influential report will back their calls for the industry to receive tax breaks.

Hi-tech firms claim tax aid would safeguard thousands of jobs and generate hundreds of millions of pounds of investment.

Scotland has a significant video games sector, in a market said to be worth �55bn worldwide.

The Scottish Affairs Committee report on the industry is due out on Monday.

Video games development is currently worth about �30m to the Scottish economy.

Dundee plays a key part in the sector and is home to about 15 design companies.

But tough global competition saw the industry cut almost a fifth of its jobs in Scotland last year.

The industry was also dealt a blow last summer when the new chancellor, George Osborne, decided not to introduce tax breaks, sparking the inquiry by the Scottish Affairs Committee at Westminster.

The committee heard evidence last October and travelled to Dundee to visit the University of Abertay and two video games studios, as well as meeting industry representatives.

Industry leaders estimate it costs about �60m to develop a new game and claim that with other countries offering tax relief it is vital the UK government does the same.

Scottish games developers are hoping MPs will press the Treasury to reconsider tax breaks.



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Friday, February 4, 2011

Hacktivists target Egypt, Yemen

Hacktivists from the online group Anonymous have turned their attention to Yemen as part of their battle for greater net freedoms.

The website of President Ali Abdullah Saleh has become inaccessible as Yemenis stage anti-government protests.

It follows attacks on the websites of Egypt's ruling party and ministry of information this week.

Last month Anonymous shut down some Tunisian websites, including the government's official site.

Anonymous's move into Middle East politics has alarmed security experts, who warn people against jumping on the bandwagon.

"If you participate in these attacks, you are knowingly engaging in a cyber crime," said Graham Cluley, a senior technology consultant for security firm Sophos.

Web freedoms

"If you aren't prepared to go and throw rocks, then maybe you should think again about clogging up websites with traffic," he added.

There have been five arrests in UK and the FBI launched raids across the US in connection with the Wikileaks cyber attacks, which saw members of Anonymous targeting firms which had withdrawn services from the whistle-blowing site.

Anonymous claims that it wants to uphold web freedoms around the world but as such attacks increase, it could have knock-on effect of governments seeking to make it harder to remain anonymous online, thinks Mr Cluley.

"If there was no ability for anonymity, we would all be the losers," he said.



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Google eyes Apple in tablet war

Google has unveiled an operating system for tablet computers aimed at ramping up the competition with Apple's iPad.

More than 15 million iPads have been sold since Apple launched the gadget in 2010.

The latest version of Google's Android OS is called Honeycomb and it has been specifically optimised for tablets.

The features include the ability to buy applications from a computer, buy features inside the app, video chat and improved graphics.

"This is a serious investment of years of design and engineering to really nail the experience for a larger screen," Hugo Barra, Google's director of products for mobile, told BBC News.

"This is not a large phone - we wanted tablets running Honeycomb to not just be bigger but also to be better."

Motorola will be the first to bring a product running Honeycomb to market. Its Xoom device is due to go on sale this month, although a release date and price have not yet been revealed.

"Honeycomb brings Google closer to parity with Apple and underlines the battle between these two titans," said Ben Parr, co-editor of technology news site Mashable.

"Google has its strengths especially in the cloud, with their open source platform and integration with other Google products like Gmail and Google docs," he said. "But Apple has the design edge and a vast number of apps as well as a new iPad expected in the next couple of months."

'Big win'

Google's announcement of a web-based version of the Android market is one that is seen as long overdue.

This now means that users can browse and buy apps directly from the web. Previously users had to purchase through the Android market directly from the device making it difficult to find, download and buy apps.

Thanks to the cloud, users can send apps directly to any Android device with just a few clicks of their mouse.

"There's no wires, no synching with computers - none of that nonsense. Everything is connected," said Chris Yerga, Android engineering director.

Technology blog TechCrunch called the webstore a "big win" for developers.

"It lowers the hurdle you have to go through to buy an app," said Jason Kincaid of TechCrunch.

"If you are bored online, I can imagine a lot of people heading to the webstore and clicking on five apps before they have really thought about it."

Making money

Google also unveiled in-app purchasing, a new feature to let developers make money by selling virtual goods and upgrades in their apps to consumers.

Convincing developers to back Android is seen as key to drawing in more customers.

So far Android has more than 100,000 apps in its store, while more than 300,000 have been created for Apple's iOS.

At the launch of Honeycomb at Google's California headquarters a number of developers showcased apps designed specifically using the new operating system.

CNN presented a new tablet optimised app while Disney said it would be joining the webstore with three apps including a version of the music rhythm game Tap Tap Revenge.

Disney's head of mobile Bart Decrem said there had been more than 50 million downloads of Tap Tap Revenge on the iPhone alone.

"We have been waiting for in-app purchases and for Android to get to this stage. This really represents a general maturing of the platform and it's a really important one," said Mr Decrem.

'Best foot forward'

Unlike Apple, Google does not make its own devices but gives its operating system to manufacturers for nothing. That approach has served it well in the smartphone market.

To date there are around 145 devices running on Android, including a handful of tablets.

Google said it would be up to hardware sellers when users would see Honeycomb appear in more tablets.

Motorola will be first out of the gate but LG and T-Mobile are expected to follow close behind with their upcoming G-Slate tablet.

"We've put our best foot forward and now it's up to the ecosystem, the manufacturers, to make it flourish," said Google's Mr Barra.

He said some of the features in Honeycomb would find their way on to Android smartphones when that is updated.

But will Honeycomb help Google slay Apple, which has a new iPad out in the coming months?

That depends, says Ina Fried, senior editor of AllThingsD and the Mobilized blog.

"It's a combination of what's the speed, what's the price of the device, what type of apps will be available and when.

"This is about other people's products competing with the iPad. Clearly Google is putting a lot of resources into Android and with this first entry it's going to be a fun thing to watch," Ms Fried told BBC News.



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Call to codify wars in cyberspace

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John Bumgarner from US Cyber Consequences Unit on current threats

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The world needs cyber war "Rules of Engagement" to cope with potentially devastating cyber weapons, Russian and US experts will tell world leaders at a security conference on Friday.

The cyber proposal, seen exclusively by Newsnight, comes from the influential EastWest Institute in New York.

It describes "rendering the Geneva and Hague conventions in cyberspace".

Cyber security is on the agenda at the annual Munich Security Conference for the first time this year.

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Those attending the conference include UK Prime Minister David Cameron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov.

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The logic behind the move is that in the intermingled world of cyberspace, we may need to protect zones that run facilities such as hospitals or schools.

The draft document also calls for a fresh definition of "nation state", with new "territories" and players in cyberspace beyond government - such as multinationals, NGOs and citizens.

The proposal also says that ambiguity about what constitutes cyber conflict is delaying international policy to deal with it, and that perhaps the idea of "peace" or "war" is too simple in the internet age when the world could find itself in a third, "other than war", mode.

Pinpointing attackers

The US-Russian team point out that discriminating between military and civilian targets is more difficult in cyberspace, and may require protected, marked, domain names.

<!-- S IBOX --> <!-- E IBOX -->

They say cyber weapons have attributes not previously seen with traditional weapons, nor considered during the development of the current Laws of War: "Cyber weapons can deliver, in the blink of an eye, wild viral behaviours that are easily reproduced and transferred, while lacking target discrimination."

Well-placed British government sources say they do not see a need for new international "treaties" for cyberspace, but do concede that there are areas that need discussion, especially on attribution.

The nature of cyber space, with its ease of anonymity and use of proxies, makes the attribution of any attack very difficult. This raises the question of proportionality:

"How strongly should a state respond to an attack when you do not know who did it, where they did it from or what the intention was? In conventional military terms these questions are easier to answer - not so in the cyber world," these sources pointed out to Newsnight.

John Bumgarner, research director for security technology at the US Cyber Consequences Unit, spoke to Newsnight about the kind of threats which exist:

"There's things out there that right now that exist that the general public really doesn't know about - stealthy type technologies that can be embedded into systems that can run that you'll never see. Those things already exist."

He said that capabilities which currently exist include turning off power grids, disrupting water supplies and manufacturing systems.

Business agenda

Others, however, say that talk of all out cyber "war" is hype, though useful to defence companies looking for new ways to make money.

<!-- S IIMA --> <!-- E IIMA -->

Nevertheless, there are almost daily reports now of cyber incidents, most recently that Stock Exchanges in Britain and the US were seeking help from the security services after discovering they were victims of attempted cyber attacks.

"There's quite a lot in it, but they're also extensively hyped," according to Professor Peter Sommer of the London School of Economics, who wrote a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report on cyber security.

"In terms of the involvement of the big military companies, you have to realise that they are finding it extremely difficult to sell big, heavy equipment of the sort they are used to because the type of wars that we're involved in tend to be against insurgents.

"And so they are desperately looking for new product areas - and the obvious product area, they think, is cyber warfare - I'm not so sure about that."

And yet, "utterly dependent" is how one well-placed government source describes our relationship with cyberspace.

The message is blunt. Ensuring security in cyberspace is vital to our national security, our well being and our prosperity: "Without it we can't have the economy we aspire to."

And if that is not enough, the UK government also believes it is vital to maintaining our values as a democracy.

Real-time attack data

The government is therefore embarking on an ambitious project to forge what it calls a new "dialogue" between the state and commercial companies, for mutual benefit.

<!-- S IIMA --> <!-- E IIMA -->

After all, some 80% of our critical national infrastructure is owned and run by the private sector, and that is before you take account of the tangle of undersea fibre-optic cables that carry over 90% of our internet traffic, with all the physical vulnerabilities to terrorist attack that implies.

At the new Cyber Security Operations Centre at GCHQ, the UK's electronic intelligence agency in Cheltenham, the eventual aim is for real-time, open exchange of data from companies about how and when they are suffering attacks on their IT systems from cyberspace.

This should give the government early-warning of cyber attacks that could bring down critical national infrastructure. In return, the commercial sector can expect expertise on-tap.

This builds on existing trusted relationships with energy and water companies, but will extend to other sectors, such as food distribution, finance and transport.

The idea was mooted by Iain Lobban, director of GCHQ, in a rare speech at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (ISS) last October.

A substantial chunk of the �650m allocated to cyber security in the subsequent Strategic Defence and Security Review is now heading in that direction.

Watch Susan Watts' full report on the threat posed by cyber warfare on Newsnight on Thursday 3 February 2011 at 10.30pm on BBC Two, then afterwards on the BBC iPlayer and Newsnight website.

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Egypt &#39;hijacked Vodafone network&#39;

Mobile phone firm Vodafone has accused the Egyptian authorities of using its network to send unattributed text messages supporting the government.

Vodafone was told to switch off services last week when protests against President Hosni Mubarak began.

But the authorities then ordered Vodafone to switch the network back on, in order to send messages under Egypt's emergency laws, the firm said.

In a statement, Vodafone described the messages as "unacceptable".

"These messages are not scripted by any of the mobile network operators and we do not have the ability to respond to the authorities on their content."

Likely cost

The Paris-based Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development says that the government clampdown on internet services may have cost the Egyptian economy as much as $18m (�11m) a day or $90m in total.

The impact of the communications block could be even greater, as it would be "much more difficult in the future to attract foreign companies and assure them that the networks will remain reliable", said the OECD in a statement.

In another development, the credit ratings agency Fitch has downgraded the Egypt's debt grade by one notch to BB from BB+, citing the consequences of the continuing political unrest on the economy.

The country's debt grade has already been downgraded by two other ratings agencies, Moody's and Standard & Poor's.



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