Tuesday, October 19, 2010

Users 'should get paid for data'

Companies that want to make use of the personal information people put online should pay for it, the US Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) has said.

It made the statement as it released a list of five technology trends to watch for the year ahead.

Privacy was top of the list, which also included mobile and green technology.

"The mining of personal data is here to stay; there is just too much money at stake to imagine otherwise," said Sean Murphy, of the organisation.

"Privacy is only going to continue to get increased attention in the years and months to come," said Mr Murphy who authored the report Selling The Stories Or Our Lives: Technology and Privacy.

Privacy has become a hot topic for net firms with a series of high-profile incidents over the last 12 months. The latest high profile glitch involved the leaking of data from some of the most popular applications on Facebook.

The Wall Street Journal claimed apps sent details to dozens of advertisers and companies that track what people are doing online.

Facebook said that it would introduce new technology to limit the security breach.

Mr Murphy said that there were companies which wanted to give users control of their data and allow those people willing to give their information away a chance to make money from it.

"I haven't seen a successful business model yet but I reckon in the next year we will see people doing the behind the scenes work and aggregating this dossier of yourself and giving you something in exchange for it.

"Companies will embrace it because it becomes more of a transaction where the consumer is authorising the use of their information and carrying out a business deal," added Mr Murphy.

'Economic opportunity'

The report highlighted one start-up firm in favour of this approach.

Bynamite launched software earlier this year to let users find out which sites are tracking them online.

"There should be an economic opportunity on the consumer side," Ginsu Yoon, co-founder of the firm said in the report.

"In a few years...a person's profile of interests could be the basis for micropayments or discounts."

Consumer Watchdog, an advocacy group, said it had no trouble with such a scheme as long as users are fully aware of what they are doing.

"That is the key to the whole thing," the group's John Simpson told BBC News.

"If people are fully informed, have control of their data and choose to opt in to some sort of scheme that offers payments for sharing information or price reductions, then I think that is fine.

"The problem is that right now so much of this is done in the dark with online companies effectively looking over your shoulder while you are online and have no idea your information is being shared."

The CEA's Mr Murphy has also suggested government action is needed in the form of a major public awareness campaign to help users become better informed because so many are largely unaware of what they willingly share online and how the information can be used.

A poll by CEA showed that identity theft was the number one concern among respondents followed by the security of financial transactions and personal health records.

'Connectivity is the future'

The CEA, which hosts the world's biggest consumer electronics show in Las Vegas, said the other tech trends that will impact our future include how video will be delivered to users, advances in mobile broadband and 4G, the latest in green technology and the cottage industry of apps for numerous devices.

"One of the over-arching themes of the trends we covered is the importance of connectivity and having these devices integrated to create the seamless experience for the consumer," said Shawn Dubravac, chief economist and director of research for the CEA.

"The average household in the US owns 24 consumer products from multiple TVs, phones and computing devices from laptops to desktops to tablets. The next step in all of this is pulling these pieces together to create this seamless experience so the consumer, the end user, can toggle between all these devices.

"That means if you are reading a book on a mobile phone, you can put it down and pick up exactly where you left off when you go to read it on your tablet device. Connectivity is the future of technology," added Mr Dubravac.

Industry commentator Jon Healey, an editorial writer for the Los Angeles Times, said, for him, making devices more social was important.

"The emergence of social as a function on more and more devices, as a guide as an activity is the most important trend.

"It really does change the nature of who programmers are. For example when you think about what to watch on TV today, you are guided by people at TV studios.

"What we are seeing more and more in the content industries is that you will choose who is going to guide you by assembling friends you trust, people you admire, people you emulate.

This would influence interfaces, he said, so that they say "here is what your friends are watching, here is what they have added to their collection.

"That is a very different approach," said Mr Healey.

Holiday high

Despite the slow climb out of recession, the CEA is optimistic about the coming holiday season.

Mr Dubravac is predicting healthy sales in the fourth quarter and noted that "portability is going to play a big role in who wins and who loses this holiday season".

He said the product categories that will sell well include tablet computers, because they are a relatively new toy to the market and MP3 players.

Mr Dubravac also predicted connected TV's getting some traction as well as set top boxes and new accessories for games consoles such as the PlayStation and XBox.

"I would argue that this recession has highlighted that technology has moved from a pure luxury item to, in some instances, a necessity," said Mr Dubravac.

"An individual who is out of work is not going to give up their mobile phone because that phone is their lifeline to that next job. Many of these technologies have become so integrated into our lives that we forgo other things in our life like dining out and vacations.

"Technology is a part of our lives as we know it today," he added.



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Website to whet wildlife appetite

The UN Environment Programme is turning to the wiki-world in an attempt to improve protection of the natural one.

Its new venture - protectedplanet.net - aims to help people visit little-known protected areas, so generating revenue and improving knowledge about them.

The launch at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting came amid reports warning that protection of the sea needs to be increased rapidly.

A target to protect 10% of oceans by 2012 will be missed by a long way.

Protected areas are one of the most effective ways of safeguarding plants, animals and ecosystems, said Charles Besancon, head of the protected areas programme at the UN Environment Programme (Unep).

"We know national parks and protected areas are important for many functions - they provide fresh water to one-third of the world's largest urban areas, they protect carbon, they protect endangered species," he told BBC News.

"For example, the last 600 mountain gorillas are in protected areas surrounded by communities - without the protected areas, we'd lose the mountain gorilla."

Unep maintains a database of protected areas around the world, based on data from governments and other authorities.

But with an estimated 150,000 sites in existence, data on what is in the sites and how they are protected is, in many cases, scanty.

"[The database] doesn't get updated as much as we'd like; so we've recognised that the best way is to reach out to the public," said Mr Besancon.

Park life

Protectedplanet.net links into and from existing web-based resources, such as Google maps, Wikipedia and the Google-owned photo-sharing site Panoramio.

Species information comes from the less well-known Global Biodiversity Information Facility (Gbif).

Users can search for sites close to a holiday destination, for example - and may find there are protected areas or national parks that do not usually feature in tourist itineraries.

Unep hopes this will increase the number of people visiting such sites, generating revenue that can help with their upkeep.

It will also allow first-time visitors to create Wikipedia entries on the areas, or post photos, that can attract others.

Meanwhile, public feedback on how sites are managing their wildlife could enhance standards.

Protecting land and sea features in a number of targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

But whereas about 13% of the Earth's land area is now under some form of protection, the record for marine areas is barely 1% - way short of the 10% by 2012 target, for example.

"Start Quote

It is certainly the worst coral die-off we have seen since 1998"

End Quote Andrew Baird James Cook University

In a major report launched here, a number of organisations including the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) say that needs to be increased rapidly.

Failing to do so, they warn, will make it harder for marine ecosystems to survive in a world where ocean water is becoming on average warmer and more acidic as a consequence of greenhouse gas emissions.

As the report was being launched here, scientists were warning that coral reefs in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean are seeing a major die-off due to unusually warm water conditions.

The Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, a network of university research facilities, said the warming caused coral "bleaching" in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Burma and Sri Lanka.

"It is certainly the worst coral die-off we have seen since 1998," said Andrew Baird, a scientist at James Cook University.

"It may prove to be the worst such event known to science."

Warm water causes coral to expel the algae with which they usually live in a symbiotic relationship - without which they die.

The unusually high temperatures of 1998 were caused by El Nino conditions in combination with the gradual warming attributable to greenhouse gas emissions.

Francois Simard, deputy head of IUCN's Marine Programme and an author on the new report, suggested the issues of climate change and marine protection were closely linked.

"Marine life is under threat, that's absolutely clear - and (with warming and acidification) it's not a matter of management of the sea, it's a matter of management of our activities as human beings, of our emissions.

"But at least we should take care of what we have in a proper way."



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Top Microsoft executive resigns

Ray Ozzie, chief software architect of Microsoft and proponent of cloud computing, has resigned unexpectedly.

Mr Ozzie was a top member of the company's management, having taken over the software role from Bill Gates.

Chief executive Steve Ballmer announced his colleague's departure in an email to company staff.

He said Mr Ozzie would remain with Microsoft during a transitional period, and that the company was not looking for anyone to replace him.

Microsoft shares dropped 2.2% in after-hours trading on the news.

Unknown direction

"With our progress in services and the cloud now full speed ahead in all aspects of our business, Ray and I are announcing today Ray's intention to step down from his role as chief software architect," said Mr Ballmer in his email.

He added that Mr Ozzie would focus on "the broader area of entertainment, where Microsoft has many ongoing investments".

Nonetheless, his resignation may cast some doubt over the technological direction Microsoft will take next.

Mr Ozzie's decision to step down also follows a number of other senior departures at the company.

Business head Stephen Elop left in September to head up Nokia, while entertainment and devices head Robbie Bach is also planning to leave.

Cloud computing

Mr Ozzie joined the firm in 2005 as chief technology officer after his own company was bought out by Microsoft.

A year after his arrival, he successfully pushed the software leviathan towards tackling the challenge of the internet, by adopting "cloud computing" technology.

Microsoft traditionally focused on desktop computers, but Mr Ozzie convinced management that in the future, processing power and functionality would be provided remotely via the web.

Previously, he also designed the Lotus Notes system, which allows groups to share documents and emails.



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Apple shares fall despite profits

Apple shares dropped 7% in after-hours trading, despite reporting expectations-beating profits of $4.3bn (�2.7bn) for the last quarter.

The net income figure - announced after the close of trading in New York - was up 70% on a year earlier, and beat expectations of $3.8bn.

But the company's stock responded by falling sharply.

Apple's shares have hit historic highs lately, and the drop may be due to speculators selling to lock in profits.

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Trading on the Nasdaq exchange closed just before the results were announced, with Apple's shares at $318.30, up more than 50% since March.

iPads flat

The after-hours selloff may also have been influenced by underwhelming sales of Apple's new tablet computer - the iPad, which came it at just 4.2 million.

That represents a rise of just 28% on the previous quarter, which was when the company first launched the new product.

However, Apple can take solace that iPhone sales were not hit by bad publicity over antenna problems with the newly-launched iPhone 4.

The firm sold 14.1 million of its smart phones in the quarter.

Total revenues for the quarter rose 67% to $20.3bn, topping already high expectations by $1bn, thanks largely to the strong iPhone sales.

Sales of its Macintosh computers were up 27% on a year ago, while those of its iPod were down 11% - partly because the latter has been superseded by the iPhone.

The company revised its revenues forecast for the current quarter up to $23bn.



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Violent images &#39;boost aggression&#39;

Repeated viewing of violent scenes in films, television or video games could make teenagers behave more aggressively, US research suggests.

The National Institutes of Health study of 22 boys aged 14 to 17 found that showing dozens of violent clips appeared to blunt brain responses.

Dr Jordan Grafman said it might make aggression feel more "acceptable".

However, a UK expert said the reasons behind violence were too complex to be explained by laboratory research.

The effect of violent imagery on young people has been debated from the early days of television, and, more recently, that debate has expanded to include video games.

Various studies have suggested that exposure appears to have an effect on the way that the brain processes emotional responses, yet it is unclear whether this can have a direct impact on behaviour.

The US study, published in the journal Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, involved 60 violent scenes from videos being collated, mostly involving street brawling and fist fights.

"Start Quote

The suggestion is that, over a period of time, people can develop a kind of tolerance to these images - but another word for that is just boredom"

End Quote Professor David Buckingham Director of the Centre for the Study of Children, Youth and Media

The violence was ranked "low", "mild" or "moderate", and there were no "extreme" scenes.

The response of the boys as they watched the clips was measured in a number of ways.

They were asked to rate whether they thought each clip was more or less aggressive than the one which preceded it, and were brain scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging, which shows in real time which areas of the brain are active.

In addition, electrodes attached to the fingers detected increasing sweat - a sign of an emotional response.

The longer the boys watched videos, particularly the mild or moderate ones, the less they responded to the violence within them.

In particular, an area of the brain known as the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, thought to be involved in emotional processing, showed less activity to each clip as time went on.

'Social problem'

Dr Grafman said: "Exposure to the most violent videos inhibits emotional reactions to similar aggressive videos over time and implies that normal adolescents will feel fewer emotions over time as they are exposed to similar videos."

He said that this could actually produce more violent reactions from the teenager.

"The implications of this include the idea that continued exposure to violent videos will make an adolescent less sensitive to violence, more accepting of violence, and more likely to commit aggressive acts since the emotional component associated with aggression is reduced and normally acts as a brake on aggressive behaviour."

However, another academic said it was almost impossible to explain violence in these terms.

Professor David Buckingham, the director of the Centre for the Study of Children, Youth and Media, said that violence was a "social problem" with many contributing factors, not simply a matter of looking at how the brain worked.

"The suggestion is that, over a period of time, people can develop a kind of tolerance to these images - but another word for that is just boredom.

"This debate has been going on since before we were all born. In the 19th Century people were panicking about the effect of 'Penny Dreadfuls'.

"If we are truly interested in violence and aggression, rather than blaming the media for everything wrong in the world, we need to look at what motivates it in real life."



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