Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Web pioneers warn on regulation

Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and Google boss Eric Schmidt have warned governments worldwide not to over-regulate the internet.

Mr Zuckerberg said governments cannot cherry pick which aspects of the web to control and which not to.

The two are leading a group of internet pioneers to the G8 summit in France.

The delegation will deliver recommendations thrashed out at the first e-G8 gathering in Paris this week.

Although e-G8 had the blessing of President Sarkozy, world leaders are under no obligation to listen to its findings.

The comments by Mr Zuckerberg and Mr Schmidt reflect growing concerns in the industry about government censorship.

"People tell me on the one hand 'It's great you played such a big role in the Arab spring [uprisings], but it's also kind of scary because you enable all this sharing and collect information on people'," said Facebook's founder.

"But it's hard to have one without the other. You can't isolate some things you like about the internet and control other things that you don't."

Mr Schmidt echoed his sentiments: "Technology will move faster than governments, so don't legislate before you understand the consequences".

'Public good'

One of the most hotly-debated subjects at the e-G8 was protection of intellectual property on the internet.

In sometimes heated discussions, senior figures from the music, TV and film industries faced criticism from proponents of internet freedom.

Critics claimed that the event was designed to promote the views of rights holders, seeking to lobby governments for tougher copyright laws.

Professor Lawrence Lessing of Harvard Law School warned delegates: "We should say to modern democratic governments, you need to be aware of incumbents bearing policy fix-its.

"Their job is profit for them. Your job is the public good."

Echoing the views of many participants, Professor Lessing suggested that governments should exercise light touch regulation or risk damaging the still-young internet.

Others made the case that if politicians remained hands-off in the belief that it would help innovation, then existing industries such as music and film would suffer.

James Gianopulos of Fox Filmed Entertainment said governments needed latitude to legislate, as in the case of the French three-strikes law designed to target illegal file sharing.

"The political process is imperfect," Mr Gianopulos told the BBC.

"Private entities, individuals and industries are more likely to come to an agreement if they know that the next step is the litigation or legislation process."



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Cookie law deferred for one year

UK websites are being given one year to comply with EU cookie laws, the Information Commissioner's Office has said.

The UK government also sought to reassure the industry that there would be "no overnight changes".

The EU's Privacy and Communications Directive comes into force on 26 May.

It requires user's consent before using cookies - the text files that help organise and store browsing information.

Technically all firm must comply with the law but the UK has said that it needs more time to find a workable solution.

The government said that it was looking for a "business-friendly" solution and believed in light-touch regulation.

"We recognise that some website users have real concerns around online privacy but also recognise that cookies play a key role in the smooth running of the internet," said communications minister Ed Vaizey.

"But it will take some time for workable technical solutions to be developed, evaluated and rolled out so we have decided that a phased in approach is right," he added.

Do Not Track

The government has formed a working group with browser manufacturers to see if a browser-based solution to the issue can be found.

Microsoft's IE9 browser already offers a setting to protect users from services which collect and harvest browser data and both Mozilla's Firefox browser and Google's Chrome are working at integrating so-called 'Do Not Track' technologies into their offerings.

A spokesman for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport admitted that there may be "other technical solutions" but that the browser solution was the only one it was currently pursuing.

Grégory Roekens, chief technology officer for marketing firm Wunderman, agreed that in-browser functionality would work best for consumers and website owners.

"It would be less intrusive that a free-for-all that lets website owners come up with their own solution," he said.

Cookies can be used for a variety of purposes. They can be used by third-parties to analyse consumer browsing habits but they can also be useful to users, remembering payment details when buying products online, for example.

Privacy groups, which pushed for greater regulation on cookies, want to see users able to give consent to every cookie presented to them.

Challenging

Such multiple consent forms would have a disruptive effect on the browsing experience, argue online firms.

"We need to think about the end users," continued Mr Roekens. "We need to make sure we don't have pop-ups appearing everywhere."

The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) has been charged with enforcing the new rules, when they are drawn up.

Information Commissioner Christopher Graham admitted he is torn between the needs of industry and the rights of consumers.

He said that the new rules on cookies were "challenging".

"It would obviously ruin some users' browsing experience if they needed to negotiate endless pop-ups - and I am not saying that businesses have to go down that road," he said.

"Equally I have to remember that this law has been brought in to give consumers more choice about what companies know about them," he added.

Mr Graham said that the one year's grace he was offering to UK online firms "did not let everyone off the hook", hinting that he would take a dim view of firms which had done nothing by this time next year.

He also said that the ICO website was taking the lead by introducing a header bar giving users information about the cookies it uses and offering choices about how to manage them.

"I am not saying that other websites should necessarily do the same. Every website is different and prescriptive and universal 'to do' lists would only hinder rather than help businesses to find a solution that works best for them and their customers," he said.



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Google to show off mobile wallet

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Google is set to introduce a mobile payments platform that will turn its Android smartphones into a digital wallet.

At an event in New York on Thursday, the tech giant is expected to show off the technology called near field communication or NFC.

The technology allows devices to 'talk' to one another wirelessly.

Consumers wave their phones in front of a reader at a checkout to pay for a purchase or to receive special offers.

The Wall Street Journal has reported that the programme will initially be launched in New York and San Francisco before being extended more widely across the US.

Retailers who are said to be taking part include deparment store Macy's, American Eagle Outfitters and Subway fast-food chain.

While Google has made no comment on the reports, it has sent out invites to the press asking them to attend an event at its New York offices where it will show off its "latest innovations".

Mobile network operator Sprint is also expected to take part.

In January Google chairman Eric Schmidt wrote in a guest edition of the Harvard Business Review that mobile money is a key part of Google's strategy for 2011.

"Phones, as we know, are used as banks in many poorer parts of the world�and modern technology means that their use as financial tools can go much further than that," said Mr Schmidt.

Demand

Research firm Forrester has said it expects 40-50 million NFC equipped phones to be sold in 2011.

Apple is reportedly planning to include the technology in its upcoming iPhone 5 which is expected to be unveiled at its developer conference next month.

Microsoft is also said to be making plans to incorporate NFC in future Windows phones as is BlackBerry maker RIM.

Samsung and Visa have said they will facilitate mobile payments via NFC on smartphones during the summer Olympics in London next year.

"Google's Nexus S device that it recently announced is the first Android powered device supporting NFC and we expect NFC is going to increasingly become a default feature of every smartphone that is sold over the next couple of years," Charles Govlin, principal analysts at Forrester told BBC News.

Market researcher Gartner said with the total value of mobile transactions reaching $245 billion in 2014, demand for mobile wallet services will be huge.

But not everyone is convinced that contactless payments using a phone will replace cash.

"In my view, while I think it is clear that potentially these phone-based transactions will be widespread, it will happen slowly. One reason being that consumer behaviour changes very slowly," said Mr Govlin.

"The big beneficiary here will be Google, a company that is all about information. The metadata involved in such transactions could allow Google to serve ads and make you a more valuable target for advertisers," he added.

Last week the first NFC service was announced in the United Kingdom involving Orange and Barclaycard.

Mobile wallet services have been available in Japan for a number of years.



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