Monday, June 27, 2011

US violent game ban struck down

The US Supreme Court has struck down a Californian law banning the sale or rental of violent video games to those aged under 18.

The court voted 7-2 to uphold an appeals court ruling that declared the law contrary to free speech rights enshrined in the US Constitution.

Video game publishers challenged the 2005 measure, which never took effect because of legal proceedings.

Supporters argued the law was needed as violent games could harm children.

Speaking at the Supreme Court on Monday, Justice Antonin Scalia said: "Our cases hold that minors are entitled to a significant degree of First Amendment protection.

"Government has no free-floating power to restrict the ideas to which they may be exposed."

The US video game industry has about $10.5bn (�6.55bn) in annual sales.

'Morbid interests'

The 2005 California law prohibited the sale of violent video games to children "where a reasonable person would find that the violent content appeals to a deviant or morbid interest of minors, is patently offensive to prevailing community standards as to what is suitable for minors, and causes the game as a whole to lack serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value for minors".

Under the law, parents could still purchase violent video games for their children, but retailers caught selling the titles to minors could face a fine of up to $1,000 (�625) for each game.

After a legal challenge by industry groups, a district court and then the court of appeals stopped the law coming into effect.

Courts in six other states have also reached similar conclusions, striking down bans.

There is already a nationwide voluntary system of game classification in the US.



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Google airs Arab Spring web fears

The use of the web by Arab democracy movements could lead to some states cracking down harder on internet freedoms, Google's chairman says.

Speaking at a conference in Ireland, Eric Schmidt said some governments wanted to regulate the internet the way they regulated television.

He also said he feared his colleagues faced a mounting risk of occasional arrest and torture in such countries.

The internet was widely used during the so-called Arab Spring.

Protesters used social networking sites to organise rallies and communicate with those outside their own country, such as foreign media, amid tight restrictions on state media.

'Completely wired'

Mr Schmidt said he believed the "problem" of governments trying to limit internet usage was going to "get worse".

"Start Quote

In most of these countries, television is highly regulated because the leaders, partial dictators, half dictators or whatever you want to call them understand the power of television"

End Quote Eric Schmidt Executive Chairman, Google

"The reason is that as the technology becomes more pervasive and as the citizenry becomes completely wired and the content gets localised to the language of the country, it becomes an issue like television."

"If you look at television in most of these countries, television is highly regulated because the leaders, partial dictators, half dictators or whatever you want to call them understand the power of television imagery to keep their citizenry in some bucket," he added.

Google has regularly clashed with China over attempts to limit public access to its internet services.

Mr Schmidt also said he was concerned about the danger faced by employees of the company in parts of the world that deemed material found on its search engine illegal.

He said he would not directly name the countries because of the sensitivity of the situation.

During the uprising in Egypt, Google executive Wael Ghonim was detained by Egyptian authorities after taking part in the protests that led to the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak.

Mr Ghonim had been involved in founding an anti-torture Facebook page that helped inspire demonstrations.



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Star Wars Galaxies set to close

A great darkness is set to consume part of the Star Wars universe in late 2011.

Sony has announced that its Star Wars Galaxies online game will be shut down on 15 December.

The news was broken in e-mails sent to players and via messages posted on the game's support forums and website.

Sony said the closure had come about because its contract to run the Star Wars game runs out in 2012, not because of declining player numbers.

In an interview with online gaming site Massively, Sony Online Entertainment boss John Smedley said the combination of the contract finishing and the imminent arrival of a separate Star Wars game made it "feel like it's the right time for the game to end".

The other Star Wars game is Bioware's The Old Republic that is currently under development. Sony also runs the free-to-play Clone Wars Adventures online game.

In the interview, Mr Smedley denied that the recent hack attacks on Sony had anything to do with the closure or that player numbers had shrunk to the point that it was no longer worth keeping the game going.

"Populations have stayed pretty steady for a long time now," he said. He added that Sony had taken measures recently to ensure that there were enough players on each server running a copy of the game.

Game changer

Mr Smedley said Sony would be running a series of events for players to ensure the game ends in a fitting manner.

"Start Quote

It's amazing it's kept going for so long"

End Quote Alec Meer Rock Paper Shotgun

All billing for the game will stop in October, according to Sony. Those subscribing at that point will be able to play for free for the last few months.

Launched in 2003, Star Wars Galaxies (SWG) helped to establish massively multi-player gaming which sees thousands of players adventure together in a shared online environment.

The game was set in the Star Wars universe and played out events following the destruction of the first Death Star but before those of The Empire Strikes back. Players could take the form of one of 10 different species, become a Jedi and fight battles with spaceships.

More than one million copies of the game were sold when it launched in June 2003 and it initially enjoyed great popularity.

However, player numbers have steadily declined as a series of updates alienated many established players and stripped the game of its complexity. Sony has since described some of the changes as a "mistake".

Games journalist Alec Meer, writing on the Rock Paper Shotgun blog said: "It's amazing it's kept going for so long, quite frankly."

He concluded: "Farewell then, Galaxies. You were always a bit of a mess - but you were also one of the most fascinating and ambitious MMOs there's ever been."



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Sunday, June 26, 2011

LulzSec hacking group 'disbands'

A hacker group that has attacked several high-profile websites over the last two months has announced that it is disbanding.

Lulz Security made its announcement through its Twitter account, giving no reason for its decision.

A statement published on the group's website said that its "planned 50-day cruise has expired".

The group leapt to prominence by carrying out attacks on companies such as Sony and Nintendo.

Broadcasters Fox and PBS, the CIA, and the United States Senate have also been cyber-attacked by the group.

As a parting shot, the group released a selection of documents including confidential material taken from the Arizona police department and US telecoms giant AT&T.

The group's identities remain anonymous and its statement also said that "our crew of six wishes you a happy 2011".

It had previously told the BBC's Newsnight programme that it wants to target the "higher ups" who write the rules and "bring them down a few notches".

And in an interview with the Associated Press on Friday, a LulzSec member said the group had at least five gigabytes of "government and law enforcement data" from around the world, which it planned to release in the next three weeks.

Ryan Cleary, 19, from Wickford, Essex, was arrested as part of a Scotland Yard and FBI probe into LulzSec and charged with hacking the website of the UK Serious Organised Crime Agency.



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Saturday, June 25, 2011

Winklevoss Facebook row continues

The Winklevoss brothers have re-started their long-running legal dispute with Facebook and its boss Mark Zuckerberg.

Just days after dropping a supreme court action, the twins filed a fresh lawsuit against the company.

It claims that Facebook "intentionally or inadvertently suppressed evidence" during their previous litigation.

Originally, Tyler and Cameron accused Mr Zuckerberg of stealing their idea to create the site.

The story of the feud formed the core of the 2010 film "The Social Network".

The row dates from 2003 when the Winklevosses hired Mr Zuckerberg to write code for their ConnectU site while at Harvard.

He never did, but instead set up Facebook, which quickly became a success around the world.

A court case over who did what was resolved in 2008 when the parties agreed on a financial settlement, reportedly worth around $65m (�41m).

In January 2011 the Winklevosses tried to reopen the case, seeking more money. However, a US appeals court ruled in April that they would have to accept the settlement.

The twins initially said they would appeal against the settlement, but decided this week not to pursue that legal avenue.

New lawsuit

In the most recent suit filed on Thursday with the US District Court of Massachusetts, the Winklevosses and their business partner Divya Narendra said that Facebook hid some crucial information from them during settlement proceedings.

The twins said that Mr Zuckerberg did not disclose some important documents in regards to the relationship between him and the brothers while they were at Harvard.

Facebook's outside counsel Neel Chatterjee said in a statement: "These are old and baseless allegations that have been considered and rejected previously by the courts."



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Friday, June 24, 2011

'Super sand' to help clean water

Contaminated water can be cleaned much more effectively using a novel, cheap material, say researchers.

Dubbed "super sand", it could become a low-cost way to purify water in the developing world.

The technology involves coating grains of sand in an oxide of a widely available material called graphite - commonly used as lead in pencils.

The team describes the work in the American Chemical Society journal Applied Materials and Interfaces.

In many countries around the world, access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities is still limited.

The World Health Organization states that "just 60% of the population in Sub-Saharan African and 50% of the population in Oceania [islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean] use improved sources of drinking-water."

The graphite-coated sand grains might be a solution - especially as people have already used sand to purify water since ancient times.

Coating the sand

But with ordinary sand, filtering techniques can be tricky.

"Start Quote

Given that this can be synthesized using room temperature processes and also from cheap graphite sources, it is likely to be cost-efficient"

End Quote Mainak Majumder Monash University, Australia

Dr Wei Gao from Rice university in Texas, US, told BBC News that regular coarse sand was a lot less effective than fine sand when water was contaminated with pathogens, organic contaminants and heavy metal ions.

While fine sand is slightly better, water drains through it very slowly.

"Our product combines coarse sand with functional carbon material that could offer higher retention for those pollutants, and at the same time gives good throughput," explained Dr Gao.

She said that the technique the team has developed to make the sand involves dispersing graphite oxide into water and mixing it with regular sand.

"We then heat the whole mixture up to 105C for a couple of hours to evaporate the water, and use the final product - 'coated sand' - to purify polluted water."

Cost-efficient

The lead scientist of the study, Professor Pulickel Ajayan, said it was possible to modify the graphite oxide in order to make it more selective and sensitive to certain pollutants - such as organic contaminants or specific metals in dirty water.

Another team member, Dr Mainak Majumder from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, said it had another advantage - it was cheap.

"This material demonstrates comparable performance to some commercially available activated carbon materials," he said.

"But given that this can be synthesized using room temperature processes and also from cheap graphite sources, it is likely to be cost-efficient."

He pointed out that in Australia many mining companies extract graphite and they produce a lot of graphite-rich waste.

"This waste can be harnessed for water purification," he said.



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Travelodge customer data stolen

Travelodge UK is investigating an apparent hacking attack on its customer database.

The hotel chain issued a warning to users of its online service to be on the lookout for spam e-mails.

Full details of the security breach were not immediately available. A spokesperson said it seemed that a limited number of people were affected.

No financial information or payment details were stolen in the attack, according to Travelodge.

A letter to customers, signed by the company's chief executive Guy Parsons, contains little information about the nature of the leak, although it stresses that Travelodge had not sold user data to a third party.

It also quotes the spam e-mail that some customers have received.

"Good day. Don't miss exciting career opening. The company is seeking for self-motivated people in United Kingdom to help us spread out our activity in the UK area," said the message.

The company promised to give further updates once is has completed an internal investigation.

Phishing trip

Stealing names and e-mail addresses is a favoured tactic of cyber criminals, who use the information to send "phishing" messages to the affected customers.

In many cases, they pose as the company that the data was stolen from in the first place.

Typically, recipients are asked to click on a link that will infect their computer with malicious software. Alternatively, the criminals may solicit financial information directly.

Security experts advise users to pay close attention to the address where an e-mail is sent from and the web URL of any links it contains.

Even when these look genuine, people should avoid handing over secure information in response to unsolicited messages.



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US police hacked over immigration law

Arizona's police force has become the latest victim of hacker group LulzSec.

About 700 confidential documents belonging to the Arizona Department of Public Safety (AZDPS) were stolen and published online.

The cache includes e-mails, memos and training manuals as well as intelligence bulletins detailing work with informants.

The group said it had targeted AZDPS because of a controversial state law designed to stop illegal immigration.

"We are aware of computer issues," Steve Harrison, a spokesman for the force told Reuters. "We're looking into it. And of course we're taking additional security safeguards."

Sabotage

On 24 June, Lulzsec announced that it was putting 400MB of documents on the Pirate Bay file-sharing website via a short message on its Twitter feed and a statement on its website.

It said that AZDPS had been targeted because of its role in upholding the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, also known as SB1070.

The legislation, passed in 2010, forces legal aliens to carry their ID documents at all times. It also obliges Arizona police to check those papers when they have a reasonable suspicion that a person may be there illegally.

As a border state, Arizona is particularly affected by illegal immigration. However, critics believe that SB1070 amounts to racial profiling.

Terror targets

Also included in the LulzSec document cache is a Powerpoint presentation about the potential vulnerability of ferries to attack by terrorists, lists of trends in suspicious incidents and a report that drug gangs are using scouts on horseback to evade capture.

The theft is part of an initiative Lulzsec kicked off last week called Antisec which is aimed at taking confidential documents from governments, the military and law enforcement agencies.

It plans to release documents every week to "purposefully sabotage their efforts to terrorize communities fighting an unjust 'war on drugs'."

In recent weeks Lulzsec has carried out attacks on a wide range of targets and has taken down the websites of the US Senate, the CIA and the UK's Serious Organised Crime Agency.



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Google 'faces US antitrust probe'

US federal regulators are preparing to issue court orders to Google and other companies as part of a probe into practices in Google's search engine business, US media report.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is expected to open a formal inquiry within the next several days, the Wall Street Journal said.

The FTC is looking at whether Google manipulates its search results to steer users to its own sites and services.

Google has not commented on the matter.

Google's competitors argue that the search giant, which handles roughly two out of every three internet searches in the US, has used its dominant standing in search to improperly promote its other products, like mapping, shopping and travel websites.

Multiple probes

FTC officials privately debated this month whether to allow the agency's Bureau of Competitions to issue subpoenas to Google, and the FTC is now close to moving forward with handing out the court orders, The New York Times reported.

Meanwhile, the Financial Times said that attorneys-general in California, New York and Ohio have also launched antitrust investigations into Google.

The European Commission is already conducting a probes into whether Google uses its dominance to wrongfully stifle competition.

In a statement on its website, FairSearch.org, an organization that represents several of Google's critics, like Expedia, Travelocity, Kayak and Microsoft, said: "Google's practices are deserving of full-scale investigations by US antitrust authorities."

Though the FTC probe would be the broadest federal inquiry into Google to date, the company has previously been targeted by US regulators.

Google settled charges with a US policy group in April, which claimed the company deceived users and violated its own privacy policy by automatically enrolling all Gmail users in a social network called Buzz without seeking prior permission.

The company has faced repeated other antitrust inquiries in recent years, many of which have involved proposed acquisitions.



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UK web blocking plans criticised

Online consumer groups have criticised government plans to block website which stream copyrighted material for free.

It follows a meeting last week between communications minister Ed Vaisey, internet service providers and copyright holders.

Campaign group, The Open Rights Group (ORG) is angry that its request to attend the meeting was turned down.

It called for more public debate on the issue.

Web blocking is seen as a way to combat the increasing amount of copyrighted material that is being streamed for free online.

ORG said that it has learnt that part of the discussion was about setting up a "council" that could be given the power to decide which websites were blocked.

Censorship

Jim Killock, executive director of the ORG is a vocal campaigner against the measures being proposed.

He said: "It is unacceptable for trade groups and the government to conduct policy in this way. Censorship proposals must be discussed in public.

Many of us will oppose any censorship that impacts directly and widely on free expression."

There are no details of how the "councils" would be made up, but consumer group Consumer Focus, who was at the meeting, warned that it would be inappropriate for right holders to decide which UK websites should be blocked.

The plans are part of the Digital Economy Act (DEA) which allows for mandatory web-blocking. Any web blocking plan would require secondary legislation.

The group of copyright holders behind the plans titled as 'Addressing websites that are substantially focused on infringement' included the Publishers Association, the BPI, the Football Association Premier League and the Motion Picture Alliance.

Live streaming

If the proposals get the go-ahead it could allow the Premier League to block access to live streams of its football matches.

Consumer Focus argued in the case of streamed football games, blocking would be a "disproportionate" response.

"We believe that the first step to address this problem is to assess whether consumers' evident demand for streaming football games online is met by legal services."

In response to the criticism, a spokesperson from the Department for Culture Media and Sport issued a statement:

"The Government hosted a useful discussion between ISPs and rights holders on issues around industry proposals for a site blocking scheme to help tackle online copyright infringement.

"Consumer representatives were invited and Consumer Focus attended the meeting."



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